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Report Title
Land at St John's Street Bedford. Archaeological Field Evaluation
Publisher and Publication Year
Albion Archaeology - 2005
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Summary
Non-Technical Summary In August 2005 Albion Archaeology undertook an archaeological field evaluation by trial trenching on land at St John's Street Bedford. The work was occasioned by a pre-application enquiry, submitted to Bedford Borough Council by Bedford Properties Ltd, regarding a development scheme for a mixture of both commercial and residential refurbishment and new build. The proposed development area lies in Bedford town centre, on the south side of the River Great Ouse, within land currently occupied by Telephone House. The application area is c. 0.72ha in extent and centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) TL 0509 4925. It lies within the bounds of the historical southern burh of Bedford, first described in an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for AD915. However, excavations on the eastern side of St John's Street (Baker et al 1979) suggest that this part of the town may have been occupied from at least the middle Saxon period (6th 8th centuries AD). The evaluation has demonstrated the presence of archaeological features within the footprints of both proposed new buildings and the play area. It has also successfully demonstrated the nature and state of preservation of the deposits within these features. Multiple periods of activity were represented from the Saxo-Norman period to the post-medieval period. The features identified included refuse pits, wells and gravel extraction pits. Deposits within these features contained artefactual material indicative of industrial activity: probably horn and metal working. In addition, remains were encountered which suggest that the site has been in continuous occupation since the 10th -12th centuries onwards. Preservation of the significant deposits was generally good. This included probable buried topsoil surviving below 1.0m of post-medieval and modern build-up. However, the earliest deposits may have been truncated by gravel quarrying in the western part of the site. Albion Archaeology Land at St John's Street, Bedford Archaeological Field Evaluation 6 1. INTRODUCTION-----------------------------
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Project Background 6 1.2 Site Location 6 1.3 Archaeological Background 7 1.4 Aims and Objectives 7 2. AIMS AND METHODOLOGY 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Methodology 8 3. RESULTS 9 3.1 Trench 1 9 3.2 Trench 2 10 3.3 Trench 3 11 4. SYNTHESIS 13 4.1 Discussion 13 4.2 Summary 14 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 6. APPENDICES 16 6.1 Appendix 1, Context Summary 16 6.2 Appendix 2, Artefact and Ecofact Summary 23Headings
Bedford Properties LtdPreface
Structure of the Report
Key Terms
Non-Technical Summary
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
1.2 Site Location
1.3 Archaeological Background
1.4 Aims and Objectives
2. AIMS AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methodology
3. RESULTS
3.1 Trench 1
3.1.1 Undisturbed Geological Deposits and Overburden
3.1.2 Undated
3.1.3 Saxo-Norman/Early Medieval
3.1.4 Post-medieval
3.2 Trench 2
3.2.1 Undisturbed Geological Deposits and Overburden
3.2.2 Post-medieval
3.3 Trench 3
3.3.1 Undisturbed Geological Deposits and Overburden
3.3.2 Undated
3.3.3 Post-medieval
4. SYNTHESIS
4.1 Discussion
4.1.1 Saxo-Norman/Early Medieval
4.1.3 Undated
4.2 Summary
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
6.2 Appendix 2, Artefact and Ecofact Summary
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Pottery
Saxo-Norman
Medieval
6.2.3 Ceramic building material
6.2.4 Clay pipe
6.2.5 Non-ceramic finds
6.2.6 Animal bone
6.2.7 Environmental samples
Clapham
5 Km
Archaeological Field Evaluation
Archaeological Field Evaluation
Archaeological Field Evaluation