Preprocess Annotations
Report Title
Home Farm, Cranfield, Beds: Archaeological Field Evaluation
Publisher and Publication Year
Albion Archaeology - 2005
Semantic Annotations Views
Select a view of Semantic Annotations.
The Abstract View (default) displays abstractly the semantic annotations the of document.
The In Context View displays the semantic annotations in the document context
Summary
Non-Technical Summary Between April and June 2005 Albion Archaeology undertook an archaeological field evaluation at Home Farm, Cranfield, Bedfordshire on behalf Persimmon Homes (Midland) Ltd. The development area is c.16.56 hectares in size and lies only 150m south of the High Street Court Road junction (the historic centre of Cranfield) and immediately south of the parish church (St Peter and St Paul's church). Several significant sites dating to the medieval period border the development area, and two conjectured boundaries for medieval settlement cores actually intersect the north-western and south-eastern parts of it. As a result Bedfordshire County Council's Archaeological Officer (CAO) issued a brief (BCC 2004a), outlining a three-staged approach to the programme of archaeological work: · Stage I archaeological field evaluation. · Stage II appraisal of the results of the archaeological field evaluation. · Stage III implementation of an agreed programme of archaeological investigation and recording (if required, following completion of Stage II). This report presents the results of Stage I of the above programme. A geophysical survey followed by the opening of a total of thirty-six trenches was implemented in order to complete the Stage I works. The report w enable the Local Planning Authority and the CAO to carry out Stage II of the programme of archaeological work. The evaluation has demonstrated that the development area contains archaeological remains, of regional significance, dating from the Iron Age, Roman, Saxo-Norman and medieval periods. In particular there is evidence for Iron Age settlement, agricultural and funerary activity, Roman settlement activity, non-specific Saxo-Norman activity and medieval settlement activity. A number of less significant post-medieval and modern features were also identified. Two undated inhumations were also identified. These are thought to be early prehistoric in date and are of regional significance. Albion Archaeology Home Farm, Cranfield, Bedfordshire Archaeological Field Evaluation 7 1. INTRODUCTION-----------------------------
1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
As expected most features were discovered in Area 1, some of which may be of
archaeological significance. Positive linear anomalies and some positive and negative
areas were found which may be caused by buried cut features and banks and two
discrete positive responses were also picked up that may be caused by isolated pits.
Positive linear anomalies and some positive and negative areas were also found in Area
2 although the overall activity of the area was lower than that of the other areas.
Some negative linear anomalies have been highlighted in Area 3, these may be caused
by banks of possible archaeological origin.
2 INTRODUCTION-----------------------------
Table of Contents
List of Figures.....................................................................................................................................3 Preface.................................................................................................................................................4 Structure of this Report.....................................................................................................................4 Key Terms...........................................................................................................................................5 Non-Technical Summary...................................................................................................................6 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background.............................................................................................................7 1.2 Site Location and Description.............................................................................................7 1.3 Archaeological Background................................................................................................8 1.4 Methodologies.......................................................................................................................8 1.5 Professional Standards ........................................................................................................8 2. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY........................................................................ 9 2.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................9 2.2 Method Statement................................................................................................................9 2.3 Results...................................................................................................................................9 3. TRIAL TRENCHING - METHODOLOGY............................................... 11 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................11 3.2 Method statement...............................................................................................................11 4. TRIAL TRENCHING - RESULTS........................................................... 12 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................12 Table 1: Assessment Groups by Phase ...........................................................................................13 4.2 Phase 1 Iron Age .............................................................................................................13 4.3 Phase 2 Roman................................................................................................................16 4.4 Phase 3 Saxo-Norman.....................................................................................................19 Table 2: Orientation of medieval furrows......................................................................................20 4.5 Phase 5 Post-medieval.....................................................................................................204.6 Phase 6 Modern...............................................................................................................21 4.7 Phase 7 Undated..............................................................................................................21 5. SYNTHESIS........................................................................................... 23 5.1 Discussion ...........................................................................................................................23 Table 3: Areas of Archaeological Significance...............................................................................24 5.2 Summary.............................................................................................................................25 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................... 26 7. APPENDICES ........................................................................................ 27 7.1 Appendix 1 Context Summary.......................................................................................27 7.2 Appendix 2 Artefact and Ecofact Summary.................................................................73 Table 4: Artefact summary by trench and context........................................................................75 Table 5: Pottery type series .............................................................................................................76 Table 6: Summary of environmental samples ...............................................................................80 7.3 Appendix 3 Full Geophysical Survey Report................................................................81
1 Human bone 1704 5* 1 2 Human bone 1713 4 1 3 Human bone 1714 4 1 4 Human bone 1715 3 0 5 Charred plant 3605 1 0 6 Control 3602 3 1 7 Charred plant 1904 1 1 8 Charred plant 1907 1 5
1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS...............................................................................................4 2 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................4 2.1 Background synopsis..................................................................................................4 2.2 Site location................................................................................................................4 2.3 Description of site ......................................................................................................4 2.4 Site history and archaeological potential....................................................................4 2.5 Survey objectives .......................................................................................................4 2.6 Survey methods ..........................................................................................................5 3 METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................5 3.1 Date of fieldwork........................................................................................................5 3.2 Grid locations .............................................................................................................5 3.3 Description of techniques and equipment configurations ..........................................5 3.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility.............................................................................................5 3.3.2 Magnetometer.....................................................................................................5
3.4.1 Sampling interval ...............................................................................................6 3.4.2 Depth of scan and resolution..............................................................................6 3.4.3 Data capture........................................................................................................6 3.5 Processing, presentation of results and interpretation................................................7 3.5.1 Processing...........................................................................................................7 3.5.2 Presentation of results and interpretation...........................................................7 4 RESULTS...........................................................................................................................7 4.1 Magnetic susceptibility...............................................................................................7 4.2 Detailed magnetometry ..............................................................................................8 5 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................9
Headings
Persimmon Homes (Midlands) LtdPreface
Key Terms
Non-Technical Summary
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
1.2 Site Location and Description
1.3 Archaeological Background
1.4 Methodologies
1.5 Professional Standards
2. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Method Statement
2.2.1 Stage 1
2.2.2 Stage 2
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Area 1 (Appendix 3, Figure 10)
2.3.2 Area 2 (Appendix 3, Figure 16)
2.3.3 Area 3 (Appendix 3, Figure 22)
3. TRIAL TRENCHING - METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Method statement
4. TRIAL TRENCHING - RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
1 Iron Age AG 1 Two opposing eaves drip
1 Iron Age AG 2 Two straight gullies 4
1 Iron Age AG 3 Five postholes clustered
1 Iron Age AG 4 Pit 2
1 Iron Age AG 5 Three pits containing
1 Iron Age AG 7 Two un-urned cremations 7
2 Roman AG 8 Possible roundhouse drip
2 Roman AG 10 Five straight gullies 14
2 Roman AG 12 Eleven possible bedding
4 Medieval AG 18 Two small gullies 4
4.2 Phase 1 Iron Age
4.2.2 AG2 Two gullies (Figures 3 and 4)
4.2.3 AG3 Postholes (Figures 3 and 4)
4.2.4 AG4 Pit (Figure 3)
4.2.5 AG5 Pits containing burnt stones
4.2.6 AG6 Possible enclosure ditches (Figure 4)
4.2.7 AG7 Un-urned cremations (Figure 4)
4.3 Phase 2 Roman
4.3.2 AG10 Straight gullies (Figure 7)
4.3.4 AG14 Boundary ditches (Figure 7)
4.3.5 AG15 Pits (Figure 7)
4.4 Phase 3 Saxo-Norman
4.4.2 AG17 Pits or ditch terminals (Figure 7)
4.4.3 AG18 Gullies (Figure 9)
4.4.4 AG19 Furrows (Figure 9)
4.5 Phase 5 Post-medieval
4.5.1 AG20 Possible boundary ditches (Figure 10)
4.6 Phase 6 Modern
4.7 Phase 7 Undated
4.7.2 AG23 Unphased inhumations (Figures 15 and 16)
5. SYNTHESIS
5.1 Discussion
Description Phase Chronological
Period
1 Iron Age
1 Iron Age
1 Iron Age
4 Medieval
1 Iron Age
1 Iron Age
7 Un-phased
2 Roman
1 Iron Age
1 Iron Age
7 Unphased
2 Roman
2 Roman
2 Roman
5.1.1 AAS 1
5.1.2 AAS 2
5.1.3 AAS 3
5.1.4 AAS 4
5.1.5 AAS 5
5.1.6 AAS 6
5.2 Summary
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
2 4 ..
7.2 Appendix 2 Artefact and Ecofact Summary
7.2.1 Artefacts
7.2.1.1 Introduction
7.2.1.2 Pottery
Late Iron Age
Roman
Medieval
7.2.1.3 Ceramic building material
7.2.1.4 Registered artefacts
7.2.2 Ecofacts
7.2.2.1 Animal bone
7.2.2.2 Human remains
7.2.2.3 Environmental samples
7.2.2.4 Molluscan Remains
7.3 Appendix 3 Full Geophysical Survey Report
1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Background synopsis
2.2 Site location
2.3 Description of site
2.4 Site history and archaeological potential
2.5 Survey objectives
2.6 Survey methods
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Date of fieldwork
3.2 Grid locations
3.3 Description of techniques and equipment configurations
3.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility
3.3.2 Magnetometer
3.4.1 Sampling interval
Magnetometer
3.4.2 Depth of scan and resolution
Magnetometer
3.4.3 Data capture
Magnetometer
3.5 Processing, presentation of results and interpretation
3.5.1 Processing
Magnetometer
3.5.2 Presentation of results and interpretation
Magnetometer
4 RESULTS
4.1 Magnetic susceptibility
4.2 Detailed magnetometry
4.2.1 Area 1
4.2.2 Area 2
4.2.3 Area 3
5 CONCLUSION
1 Km
Areas of Archaeological Significance
Selected Sections