ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION REPORT
______________________________________
Lawsons Yard, Bury St. Edmunds. BSE 233
A REPORT ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION, 2004
(Planning app. no. SE/04/1216/P)
John Duffy Field Team
Suffolk C.C. Archaeological Service
� December 2004
Lucy Robinson, County Director of Environment and Transport Endeavour House, Russel Road, Ipswich, IP1 2BX
______________________________________
SCCAS Report No. 2004/125
Contents
List of Figures i
List of Tables i
List of Contributors ii
Acknowledgements ii
Summary ii
SMR information ii
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
4. Finds and environmental evidence
5. Conclusion and discussion
6. Recommendations
References
Appendix 1: Context List
Appendix 2: Finds quantification by context Appendix 3: Pottery quantification by context
List of Figures
1. Location plan 2. Historic maps
3. 1880 County Map 4. Trench plan
5. Trench 1 section 6. Trench 2 plan
7. Trench 2 sections 8. Trench 3 plan
9. Trench 3 sections
List of Tables
1. Finds quantities
2. Pottery quantities by fabric
List of Contributors
All Suffolk C.C. Archaeological Service unless otherwise stated.
John Duffy Supervisor
Sue Anderson Project Officer, CFA Archaeology
Cathy Tester Finds Officer
Gemma Adams Finds and Post-Excavation Assistant
Acknowledgements
This project was funded by Lawsons (Bury St. Edmunds) Ltd. and was monitored by Robert Carr (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Conservation Team).
The excavation was carried out by John Duffy, James Rolfe and James Haygreen (all from Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Field Team).
The project was directed by Andrew Tester, and managed by John Newman, who also provided advice during the production of the report.
Finds processing was carried out by Sue Anderson, Cathy Tester and Gemma Adams, all of whom contributed to the specialist finds and environmental assessment reports. Site drawings were prepared by Gemma Adams.
Summary
An archaeological evaluation was undertaken on land to the rear of Woodgate House, 10 Short Brackland, Bury St. Edmunds. The evaluation showed a series of archaeological features under a deep, approximately 1m, overburden. The finds suggest activity on the site from the 11th/12th century onwards with a medium to high status use in the 15th/16th century. Historic map evidence indicates the site became an orchard by the 18th century and remained open until the end of the 19th century. Prehistoric finds were also discovered suggesting early activity on the site.
SMR information
Planning application no. SE/04/1216/P
Date of fieldwork: 15/10/04
Grid Reference: TL 852 645
Funding body: Lawsons (Bury St. Edmunds) Ltd.
Oasis reference: suffolkc1-4282
Introduction
In response to a proposed development (planning application SE/04/1216/P) on land to the rear of Woodgate House, 10 Short Brackland, Bury St. Edmunds (grid reference TL 852 645) an archaeological evaluation was undertaken (Figure 1). This evaluation followed the programme of works outlined by Robert Carr (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Conservation Team).
The site is located in a triangle of land between St. John�s Street, Short Brackland and Orchard Street within the medieval walled town. Originally the site lay behind and to the north of the properties fronting St. John�s Street and Short Brackland. Historic maps show the site to have been largely orchard (Warren 1747 and Payne 1834) until the construction of Orchard Street in the 19th century when further properties were laid out (Figure 2). By the time of the 1880 County Map Orchard Street was fully developed and the site now lay between the three streets (Figure 3). However, it is clear from the maps that this area still lay open without any substantial buildings on the site.
The archaeological potential of this site is high with the possibility of settlement evidence surviving at the rear of properties fronting St. John�s Street and Short Brackland. However, it is unclear how much later disturbance has taken place on the site including disturbance associated with the construction of the Orchard Street properties.
� Crown Copyright. All rights reserved.
Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2004
Figure 1. Location plan
Warren�s Map 1747 (Statham 1998)
Payne�s Map 1834 (Meeres 2002)
Figure 2. Historic maps
The Site
Figure 3. 1880 County Map
Methodology
Three trenches were excavated using a JCB fitted with a 1.8m toothless bucket (Figure 4). The trenches were placed to locate the underlying archaeology of the site within the limited area available. An area on the eastern side of the development site remained unevaluated as the area was inaccessible at the time of the evaluation (Figure 4). In each trench the modern overburden was removed down to the visible archaeological layers. The location and depth of each trench was recorded using a Total Station Theodolite (TST). All archaeological features were sampled by hand and all finds were recovered. Each feature was fully recorded in plan (at 1:50) and section (at 1:20). Each archaeological context was allocated a unique context number beginning at 0001. All features were fully photographed using colour slide, monochrome film and digital.
The site archive is kept at the County Council Archaeological Store at Shire Hall, Bury St. Edmunds.
4 o
1
7
a
b 2
2
4
1 1
Trench 1 Trench 2 7 6
1
Evaluated Area 8
1 1
Depot 9
6
1
Area Inaccessible
Trench 3 (Not Evaluated)
4
1
2
1
7
7
e
7 7 b 7 7 a 8 f 8 a a b 0 10 20 School The Old Hall
7 7c meters
9
7 8
7 d� Crown Copyright. All rights reserved.
Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2004
Figure 4. Trench plan
Results
Three trenches were excavated across the development area in order to best understand the nature of the underlying archaeological deposits. The placing of the trenches was determined by the location of modern features and accessibility on the site (Figure 4).
Trench 1
Trench 1 was excavated to a length of 2.5m and ran in a north south direction. The excavated depth was 1.5m down onto orange clay natural (Figure 5). The modern upper layers of the trench consisted of a black gravel surface over concrete laid on a layer of hardcore. The total depth of the modern build up was 0.3m. Below the modern layers was a 0.8m deep very dark brown silty sand (0003) over a 0.4m deep orange silty sand (0004). Layer 0004 sat directly over the orange/yellow sandy clay natural. All layers were machine excavated in Trench 1 and no archaeological features were exposed.
N S
Sand
Silt
0m 2m
Figure 5. Trench 1 section
Trench 2
Trench 2 was excavated in a north south direction parallel to Trench 1 to a length of 11m (Figures 6 and 7). The trench was excavated to a depth of 1.2m at the southern end and 1.9m to the north. The profile of the trench was similar to Trench 1 with a 0.3m deep series of modern layers over layer 0003, a very dark brown silty sand becoming loamy to the north where it is re numbered as 0027. The depth of layer 0003 varied slightly along its length with a depth of 0.8m at its southern limit and 0.95m in the centre of the trench. As in Trench 1 layer 0003 sat over an orange silty sand layer, 0004, under which was a dark yellow sand natural (0026). The trench was machine excavated to the top of layer 0004 into which the majority of the archaeological features were cut. The archaeological features were then excavated by hand.
0023
0006 0011
0009
0004
0021
N
0m 5m
Figure 6. Trench 2 plan
At the northern end of Trench 2 feature 0006, which was mainly machine excavated, cut through both layers 0003 and 0004 and into the natural subsoil (0026), visible in section 0005 (Figure 6 and 7). Feature 0006 appeared to be the southern edge of an east west running ditch with steep sides and a flat base. However, the full extent of 0006 is unknown as it extends beyond the trench to the north, east and west. The upper fill 0f 0006 was a, 0.5m deep, dark brown loam with chalk inclusions (0007). Fill 0007 contained a variety of finds from a wide date range including a body sherd of early medieval ware, a sherd of a modern willow pattern plate, a prehistoric burnt flint �potboiler�, and a base fragment of an 18th century bottle. Other finds included animal bone fragments (cow and sheep), roof tile and three iron nails. The finds from 0007 suggest a late date, 19th or possibly 20th century, with earlier residual finds. Fill 0025, a 0.2m deep dark grey/brown loam with no finds, was directly below fill 0007.
Section 0002
0003 S N
0003
S N
0004
Cut 0011 Fill 0012
Cut 0009 Fill 0010
Section 0005
Sand Loam
Silt Clay
0008 Flint Charcoal
Chalk
0007
0027
Cut 0006
0m 2m
0025
0026
Figure 7. Trench 2 sections
Lying directly over ditch 0006 was the remains of a modern wall (0008), visible in section 0005 (Figure 7). A corner of the wall was visible in plan and was excavated by machine. Wall 0008 survived to a depth of two brick courses.
Pit 0009, was sealed below layer 0003 but was cut into layer 0004 (figures 6 and 7). Pit 0009 in oval in plan, measuring 1.5m by 1.2m. The pit extends beyond the western trench edge. The pit sides were straight and regular, sloping at 45 degrees, with a flat base. The pit was filled by a 0.3m deep mid/dark grey/brown friable clay sand (0010) with chalk and gravel inclusions. Finds included an estuarine type roof tile (13th � 15th century), a worked flint flake, animal bone (pig and sheep) and oyster shell.
Ditch 0011 was cut into layer 0004 and sealed below layer 0003 (Figures 6 and 7). The ditch was linear in plan extending approximately east west across the trench. The ditch extended beyond the trench edge to the west and appeared to butt end to the east. The total visible length of the feature was 1.6m with a width of 0.35m and a depth of 0.12m. Ditch 0011 had straight and regular sides, with a 50 degree slope, and a flat base. The ditch was filled by a single dark brown/grey friable clay sand (0012) with occasional gravel and chalk flecks. Finds included an early medieval pottery body sherd, a medieval or late medieval roof tile, animal bone, oyster and land snail shells. This suggests a 13th to 14th century date.
Pit 0021 was located at the southern end of Trench 2 sealed below layer 0003 and cut into layer 0004 (Figure 6). The pit appears to be circular in plan but only a 2.2m width is visible as the feature extends to the east, west and south of the trench. The pit was sampled to a depth of 0.7m and no base was found. A single mid/dark brown/grey friable clay sand fill (0022) with
occasional gravel was identified. Pottery finds included late medieval sherds of a possible jug with white slip line decoration, a rilled mug rim and a flanged rim sherd of a possible Dutch pipkin. Other finds included roof tile, animal bone (cow) and a 19th/20th century fragment of green bottle glass. The glass appears to be intrusive suggesting a 15th/16th century date.
Feature 0023 was only partly visible in Trench 2 extending beyond the eastern trench edge (Figure 6). This feature was sealed below layer 0003 and cut into 0004. The feature had steep straight sides though the base was not identified and its shape in plan in not known. A single mid/dark brown/grey clay sand fill (0024) with occasional gravel was identified. Although only a limited sample of the fill could be excavated several finds were recovered. These included a 12th/13th century pottery body sherd (shell-dusted ware), a 13th/15th century roof tile (estuarine type), a medieval copper alloy wire pin with a globular head, animal bone (cow, pig) and a fragment of a boar�s tusk.
Trench 3
Trench 3 was excavated to a length of 16.5m in a north south direction located to the south of Trench 1 (Figures 8 and 9). The trench had a similar profile to Trenches 1 and 2 with modern surfacing layers over layer 0003 under which lies 0004. However, in Trench 3 the depth of the deposits were shallower than in the trenches to the north. At the southern end of Trench 3 the modern build up had a depth of 0.25m and layer 0003 was 0.65m deep as opposed to between 0.8m and 0.95m elsewhere on the site. As with Trench 2 when layer 0003 was removed by machine archaeological features were identified cutting into layer 0004. The centre and northern end of Trench 3 was disturbed by a large pit (0019), but at the southern end of the trench three archaeological features were identified.
Trench continues north for 7m
0013
0019 0017
0015
N
0m 5m
Figure 8. Trench 3 plan (southern end)
NE SW
W E SW NE
Cut 0013 Fill 0014 Cut 0015 Fill 0016 Cut 0017 Fill 0018
Sand Loam
S N
Silt Clay
Flint Charcoal
S N
Chalk
Profile of Trench 3 (south end)
Cut 0019 Fill 0020 0m 2m
Figure 9. Trench 3 sections
Pit/posthole 0013 was located at the southern end of Trench 3 (Figures 8 and 9). The feature was circular in plan, 0.55m wide, with steep sides and a flat base, cutting into layer 0004. Feature 0013 was filled by a single 0.22m deep dark grey silty sand (0014) with occasional chalk fragments. Fifty percent of the fill was excavated and recovered finds included a 13th/14th century rim sherd of a Grimston Ware jug from Norfolk, a 17th/18th century brick fragment, 18th/19th century clay pipe stem fragments and oyster shell.
Pit/posthole 0015 located to the northwest of pit/posthole 0013 at the southern end of Trench 2 (Figures 8 and 9). 0015 was circular in plan with steep sides and a curved base, cutting into layer 0004. The feature measured 0.3m wide by 0.15m deep. 0015 was filled by a dark grey silty sand (0016) and produced no finds.
Ditch 0017 runs in a northwest southeast direction across Trench 3 and extends beyond the trench to the east and west (Figures 8 and 9). The ditch is linear with steep sides and a flat base, cutting into layer 0004. The visible length of the ditch is 2.75m with a width of 1.2m and a depth of 0.14m. The ditch was filled by a mid grey silty sand mixed with orange sand (0018). The fill was badly disturbed and contained no finds.
The majority of Trench 3 contained a large, 6m wide, steep sided pit (0019) which cut through layers 0003 and 0004 (Figures 8 and 9). The pit extends beyond the trench to the east and west while its northern and southern limits were identified within the trench. The pit was partly machine excavated though the base was not identified. The pit was filled by a very dark grey silty sand (0020) with chalk, flint and brick rubble inclusions. A sample of the pottery was recovered from this feature, all were fairly modern in date. This sample included sherds from willow pattern plates, a spongeware rim, two complete Maling Ware marmalade jars and a complete stoneware bottle. Two near complete 19th century bottles were also recovered along with a large post-medieval iron buckle and animal bone (sheep).
Finds evidence
Sue Anderson, October 2004.
Introduction
Table 1 shows the quantities of finds collected during the evaluation. A full quantification by context is included as Appendix 2.
Find type No. Wt/g
Pottery 36 2018
CBM 12 2416
Glass 4 1170
Clay pipe 7 26
Worked flint 1 18
Burnt flint/stone 1 56
Plastic 1 1
Iron 4 119
Copper alloy 1 1
Animal bone 37 683
Shell 16 56
Table 1. Finds quantities.
Pottery
Table 2 summarises the quantification of pottery by fabric, and a full catalogue by context is included as Appendix 3.
Fabric Code No. % No. Wt/g % Wt.
Early Medieval Ware EMW 3.10 1 7
Early Medieval Ware Gritty EMWG 3.11 1 4
Total early medieval 2 5.6 11 0.5
Bury Medieval Coarse Ware BMCW 3.33 12 104
Bury Medieval Shell-dusted Ware BMSW 3.53 1 5
Grimston-type Ware GRIM 4.10 1 7
Total high medieval 14 38.9 116 5.7
Late Medieval and Transitional LMT 5.10 2 156
Late Essex-type Wares LMTE 5.60 4 236
Raeran/Aachen Stoneware GSW3 7.13 1 3
Dutch-type Redwares DUTR 7.21 1 43
8 22.2 438 21.7
Total late medieval
Refined White Earthenwares REFW 8.03 8 921
Yellow Ware YELW 8.13 2 7
English Stoneware ESW 8.20 2 525
Total modern 12 33.3 1453 72.0
Total 36 2018
Table 2. Pottery quantities by fabric.
Two body sherds of early medieval ware, one in a gritty fabric, were found in ditch fills 0007 and 0012. Both were probably residual.
High medieval wares were dominated by �Bury Ware�, as is expected in the town. With the exception of one jar rim (unstratified 0001), all sherds were undiagnostic body or base fragments. Some showed signs of sooting and were probably from cooking pots. One shell- dusted ware body sherd of 12th/13th century date was recovered from fill 0024. Only one medieval glazed ware sherd was found, a 13th/14th century Grimston Ware jug rim from Norfolk (pit/posthole fill 0014).
Late medieval pottery was relatively common on this site and included Suffolk, Essex, Dutch- type and German wares. It is unusual to find a high proportion of pottery of this date in the town, possibly because rubbish was being dumped elsewhere during the period. Identifiable vessels included a globular jar with a pedestal base (unstratified 0001), a large jar with a frilled base (0001), a possible jug with white slip line decoration (pit fill 0022), and a rilled mug rim (0022). The possible Dutch sherd was a flanged rim from a pipkin (0022).
Modern wares dominate the assemblage by weight because there were two complete Maling Ware marmalade jars and a base fragment of a third, and a complete stoneware bottle from pit fill 0020. Other identifiable vessels included willow pattern plates (ditch fill 0007, pit fill 0020), a spongeware ?cup rim (0020), a stoneware white-dipped tankard with brown-glazed rim (0007) and a yellow ware slip-decorated vessel (0001).
Ceramic Building Material (CBM)
Twelve fragments of CBM were collected. The earliest pieces were fragments of roof tile, of which three were estuarine types of 13th-15th century date (pit fill 0010, fill 0024), two were medium sandy with reduced cores and probably medieval or late medieval (unstratified 0001, ditch fill 0012). Later roof tile included five medium sandy fragments with ferrous inclusions, fully oxidised (ditch fill 0007, pit fill 0022), and a fragment of pantile in a fine ferrous-tempered fabric (pit fill 0020).
One brick fragment was collected from pit/posthole fill 0014, and measured 107mm wide and 55mm thick. It was covered in fine white lime mortar which was also on the broken end. It may have been used as a half-brick, or possibly re-used. It is likely to be of 17th/18th century date.
Miscellaneous
Seven fragments of narrow clay pipe stems, probably all 18th/19th century, were collected from 0001, pit/posthole fill 0014 and pit fill 0020.
A fragment of base from an ?18th century �onion�-shaped bottle came from ditch fill 0007. Two near-complete mould-blown 19th century green glass bottles were collected from pit fill 0020. One, a pale green Codd-type which had probably been broken to extract the marble at the neck, had a moulded �label�: GREENE KING & SONS/ LIMITED/ BURY ST EDMUNDS and the number 697 handwritten on the base. The other was a plain dark green wine or beer bottle with traces of gum for the paper cover at the top of the neck One fragment of another 19th/20th century green bottle was found in pit fill 0022.
One burnt flint �potboiler� of probable prehistoric date was found in ditch fill 0007, and a worked flint flake came from pit fill 0010.
A small fragment of opaque bright green plastic was found in layer 0004.
Small Finds
Three iron nails were collected from ditch fill 0007. A large post-medieval rectangular iron buckle (67 � 50mm) with a pin, sheet roller and fragments of leather belt was found in pit fill 0020 and may have been for equestrian use. One copper alloy wire pin with a globular head was found in fill 0024; it was 57mm long and probably medieval.
Biological evidence Animal bone
Thirty-seven animal bone fragments were collected from seven contexts, all in good condition. These have not been studied in detail and will require specialist analysis if further work is carried out. They include large and medium mammal ribs (unstratified 0001), a juvenile sheep tibia and femur shaft with traces of gnawing (ditch fill 0007), two cow tibiae (ditch fill 0007, pit fill 0022), a pig mandible and sheep radius (pit fill 0010), a ?sheep scapula (pit fill 0020), fragments of a ?cow pelvis, a juvenile pig metapodial and a boar�s tusk (fill 0024), and a fragment of ?cow cervical vertebra. A few showed signs of butchery, but there was no evidence for bone working.
Shell
Six oyster shells in poor condition were recovered from four contexts (0001, pit fill 0010, ditch fill 0012, pit/posthole fill 0014), and there were ten common land snails (Helix aspersa) in ditch fill 0012. The latter can live in most environments and do not necessarily indicate any specific habitat. However, if they are found in large groups at the base of an open feature, it may indicate that the feature was open long enough for them to hibernate in it.
Discussion of the finds evidence
This assemblage of finds is fairly typical of town centre sites in Bury. It is dominated by pottery and other finds from the 11th/12th century onwards. The later medieval period is more visible in the pottery record than usual and this may suggest a medium to high status use of the site during the 15th/16th centuries. There is a possibility of limited prehistoric activity on the site, shown by the presence of burnt and worked flint � other sites in the vicinity have produced Bronze Age pottery and flints recently. All finds were in good condition and there is high potential for analysis if further fieldwork is carried out.
Conclusions and discussion
Although the nature of the site is difficult to determine due to the very limited excavation that has been undertaken the depth of the overburden, approximately 1m, has led to the archaeological remains being very well preserved. The evaluation has shown activity on the site from the 11th/12th century onwards with a medium to high status use of the site in the 15th/16th century. However, there is no structural evidence indicating occupation on the site until the 17th/18th centuries (posthole 0013). This lack of structural evidence suggests the site remained undeveloped. The early maps (Figures 2 and 3) show the site as outside the main street plan for the medieval town indicating the peripheral nature of the site to the urban core. Though the greater quantity of finds from the 15th/16th centuries suggests as the town expands the site is becoming less peripheral and closer to urban development. Unfortunately the area of the site sampled is small and further understanding of the medieval archaeology would only be achievable with further detailed excavation.
Most of the archaeological evidence predates the early map evidence (Figures 2 and 3) which also show very little activity on the site except as an orchard or open area behind street fronting properties. The deep overburden (layer 0003) probably dates from this orchard period and it is this that allows for well preserved nature of the site. It is only during the 19th century that the site sees urban development with the construction of Orchard Street. However, even with this continued urban development the site still appears to lack structures (Figure 3).
The prehistoric finds on the site may suggest early activity but both finds were residual and no features of a prehistoric date were visible. Further detailed excavation on this site may provide more evidence of prehistoric activity and the depth of deposits may allow for preserved features.
Recommendations
Although the archaeology across the evaluated area is well preserved and the potential of the site is high the development does not appear to substantially affect preservation. Any groundworks that extended to a depth of approximately 0.8m may impact on the archaeological deposits. In this case the need for archaeological monitoring of the work may be necessary. Within the unevaluated area on the east of the site no substantial groundworks are predicted. However, some monitoring of this area may be necessary to establish the ground conditions and archaeological preservation and to establish whether it is the same here as elsewhere on the development site.
References
Meeres, F. 2002. A History of Bury St Edmunds.
Statham, M. 1998. �The Medieval Town of Bury St Edmunds�, in A. Gransden (ed.) Bury St Edmunds Medieval Art, Architecture, Archaeology and Economy.
Disclaimer
Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of the Field Projects Division alone. The need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its archaeological advisors when a planning application is registered. Suffolk County Council�s archaeological contracting service cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report.
Med/Modern? 19th/E.20th c. Page 1 of 4
under photo spotdate U/S digi modern yes yes 0008 yes 0008
over 0004
cutby 0006 0019 0009 0011
cuts 0027 0003
description Unstratified finds recovered during excavation of Trench 2. Section - trench profile at south end of machined Tr 2 Levelling deposit? V dark brown silty sand, extends across whole length and width of Tr 2. Immediately below modern yard surface over layer 0004. Extends across whole site. Layer of orange silty sand which extends throughout Tr 2. Machined down to layer 0004. Features cut into this layer. Extends across entire site. Excavated segment through ditch cut 0006 SW-NE ditch. Flat-based, SW terminal sides slope at 45�- 50� in top lower part 80�. Cut through layer 0027/0003 and layer 0004. Cut into natural orange silty sand subsoil. Overlain by wall 0008. Width 1.5m visible. Depth 0.8m. Ditch fill - dark brown loam with chalk inclusions. Upper fill of Ditch 0007 in section 0005.
finds y y y
Appendix 1: Context List grsq plan section identifier unstratified trench section layer layer ditch segment ditch cut ditch fill
1 1 1 1
Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2
feature 12 April 2005
opno 0001 0002 0003 0004
13th/14th c. 13th/14th c. 17th/18th c.+ Page 2 of 4
under photo spotdate yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
over 0007 0009 0011
cutby
cuts
description Modern bricks. Remains of a small (2 courses deep) brick wall at N. end of Trench 2. Corner visible. Excavated by machine. Overlies fill 0007 of ditch 0006. Visible in sect 0005. No finds. Pit. 0.5M slot through pit against trench edge: N-S. Sides slope 45�.Base flat. Measurements: width -1.5m; length -1.2m visible; depth - 0.3m straight regular. Pit fill. Mid dark grey-brown friable clay-sand. 5% mixed gravel. 0.01m-0.08m. Less 1% chalk flecks Ditch - linear, E-W. E terminal just in trench by E side. Sides slope 50� straight & regular., base flat. Measurements: width - 0.35m;length -1.6m visible; depth - 0.12m. Ditch fill, dark brown grey clay- sand - friable. 2% small gravel, 1% chalk flecks. Measurements: width -0.35m; length - 1.6m; depth - 0.12m; Pit/posthole at S end of Tr 3. Steep-sided with flat base, circular in plan. Width 0.55m, depth 0.22m. pit/posthole fill. Dark grey silty sand with occasional chalk frags. 50% removed by shovel /trowel
finds y y y y
grsq plan section identifier wall pit cut pit fill ditch cut ditch fill pit/posthole cut pit/posthole fill
1
Tr 2? Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 3 Tr 3
feature 12 April 2005
opno 0008
19th/E.20th c. 15th/16th c. Page 3 of 4
under photo spotdate yes yes yes yes yes yes
over 0021
cutby
cuts 0003
description Pit/posthole to west of pit 0013 at S end of Tr 3. Steep-sided with curved base -V-shaped, circular in plan. Width 0.3m, depth 0.15m. Fill of pit/posthole 0015. Dark grey silty sand. 50% removed by trowel/shovel. No finds Ditch - running approx. NW-SE in centre of Tr 3. Steep-sided with flat base, very shallow - badly truncated. Unclear if def. archaeological feature. Visible length 2.75m, width 1.2m, depth 0.14m. Fill of ditch 0017. Mid grey silty sand, mixed with orange sand. Removed by shovel. Badly truncated. No finds Large pit in Tr 3. Only partly visible, extent and shape not known. Not fully-excavated to base. Width at least 6m. Fill of pit 0019. Very dark grey silty sand with chalk and flint, brick rubble. Pit in S end of Tr 2. Only small slot dug through it, base not found. Measurements: width - 1.6m visible; length - 2.2m visible; Depth - 0.7m (depth excav) Pit fill. Mid-dark brown grey friable clay sand. 2% mixed gravel.
finds y y
grsq plan section identifier pit/posthole cut pit/posthole fill ditch cut ditch fill pit cut pit fill pit cut pit fill
1 1
Tr 3 Tr 3 Tr 3 Tr 3 Tr 3 Tr 3 Tr 2 Tr 2
feature 12 April 2005
opno
Page 4 of 4
under photo spotdate 13th c. yes 0006 yes yes
over 0024
cutby
cuts
description (feature - not sure is ditch or pit) cut. Only partially visible, very near to E trench edge. Only W edge visible - slopes 80� straight. Measurements: width - 0.3m; length - 1.5m; depth - 0.3m. (Pit or ditch?) Fill Mid dark brown grey clay sand. 2% mixed gravel. Dark grey-brown loam. Lower fill of ditch 0006 in sect 0005. No finds. Depth 0.2m Dark yellow sand. Excavated natural in sect 0005. Not ditch fill. Below ditch 0006. Dark brown loam. Continuation of 0003 rather than a fill of 0006. Identified in sect 0005. Ditch 0006 appears to cut 0027. No finds.
finds y
grsq plan section identifier feature cut 1 feature fill 1 ditch fill Layer Layer
Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2 Tr 2
feature 12 April 2005
opno
Spotdate U/S Med/Modern? 19th/E.20th c. 13th/14th c. 13th/14th c. 17th/18th c.+ 19th/E.20th c. 15th/16th c. 13th c.
Miscellaneous 1 plastic (0.001) 1 burnt flint (0.056) 1 flint (0.018) 1 copper alloy (0.001)
Other shell No Wt/g 10 0.020
Oyster No Wt/g 0.006 1 0.015 0.010 0.005 6 0.036
Animal bone No Wt/g 0.067 5 10 2 0.683 37
Iron No Wt/g 0.039 0.080 4 0.119
Appendix 2: Finds quantification by context CBM Pottery Clay pipe Glass No Wt/g No Wt/g No Wt/g No Wt/g 0.004 1 0.040 1 0.377 5 0.013 4 4 1.170 7 0.026 2.416 12 2.018 36
Context Fabric No. Wt/g Ab. Notes Spotdate
0001 LMTE 1 206 GG pedestal base 15th/16th c.
LMT 1 144 frilly base, DGG, narrow combed horiz lines 15th/16th c.
YELW 2 7 1 vessel, white slip line dec, hollow ware 19th/20th c.
BMCW 1 20 jar rim 12th/14th c.
0004 BMCW 4 13 3 vessels, 2 sooted 12th/14th c.
0007 EMW 1 7 11th/12th c.
LMTE 1 12 or poss IPSG? 15th/16th c.
GSW3 1 3 15th/16th c.
ESW 1 2 white dipped tankard, brown glaze at rim 18th/19th c.
REFW 2 5 willow pattern 19th/20th c.
0010 BMCW 3 22 2 base, 1 body 12th/14th c.
0012 BMCW 2 24 12th/14th c.
EMWG 1 4 12th c.
0014 GRIM 1 7 jug rim 13th/14th c.
0020 REFW 3 867 Maling Ware marmalade jars (stamped bases), 2 fluted, 1 plain, 95mm high, 90mm diam. 19th/E.20th c.
REFW 3 49 2 willow pattern, 1 spongeware 19th/E.20th c.
ESW 1 523 complete small bottle with narrow neck 19th/E.20th c.
0022 BMCW 1 18 oxid surfaces 12th/13th c.
LMT 1 12 GG 15th/16th c.
LMTE 1 15 spots CG, white slip dec, jug? Finer than COLC 15th/16th c.
LMTE 1 3 rilled mug rim, CG 15th/16th c.
DUTR 1 43 flanged rim, may be LMT 15th/16th c.
0024 BMCW 1 7 12th/14th c.
BMSW 1 5 or poss EMW 12th/13th c.
Total 36 2018